If I DidnT Grow Up In The Middle Class . Growing Up In

If I Didn t Grow Up in the Middle Class Growing up in the city of Brook Park, a nice little suburb located in northeast Ohio. I never really imagined how life could be differently if I grew up in a different social class. Up to this point in my life, my family has mainly been a middle class family. Money isn t thrown around in my family like its nothing, but we ve had a very good living style due to the hard work of my parents. Many times growing up my parents always told me to be grateful for what we have and to never complain because there s people out there who would love to have what we have as a family. If I lived in the poverty living level instead of the middle class, the social part of my life would be different in many†¦show more content†¦As a child I was lucky enough to have this experience with my family but I may not have had this opportunity if it wasn t for growing up in the middle class. Vacations are very expensive, especially when they are only a week long and families spend thousands of dollars on them. That would be a lot of extra money for families to come up with, especially families who aren t in the higher low class or middle class and annual income per adult averages between $18,000-$30,000 per year.(Cliffsnotes) Not having those vacation experiences would be a huge loss and I wouldn’t have had some of my best childhood experiences with my family. Show me your friends, I ll show you your future. This quote is one of my favorite quotes of all time, which I heard from a speech given by Jim Tressel.I ve been surrounded around great friends my whole life, and I believe they take a big part in why I have a pretty bright future. They have always been great influences around me, and are always telling me what the right and wrong things are to do. Friends are like a second family to most people, if you aren t with your family your with you friends. Its very important to have a good stable friend group that help lead you into the right path. Growing up in my town there was the fair share of drugs and violence but not as bad as some neighborhoods where the price of living is low. If I were to grow up in a different social class, I could have been raised up in town where crime and drugsShow MoreRelatedMy Most Formative Memories Of The South1273 Words   |  6 PagesI was raised in the south nestled in a small town outside of an even sma ller city in North Carolina. Growing up in the south was an education on it’s on. For starters, I was not short of discipline. I realized that a lot of my friends’ parents just â€Å"negotiated† with them from age two and beyond. This is not acceptable in the south. One of my most formative memories is being popped in the mouth by my grandmother in front of the entire line at Winn-Dixie because I called her a name - one that rhymesRead MoreSelf Perception800 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom cultural aspects. I have had it very rough in life growing up since childhood being raised in a low income town as the oldest girl of four of three other female children; I was forced to grow up fast in life. My mother gave birth to me and all of my sisters in Ansonia, CT which is a small town where just about everyone knows each other and knows your all of your business. My social status was low class but most of the families there were and very few were middle class, but we all a ttended schoolsRead MorePrivate Education Vs. Public Education864 Words   |  4 Pageseducation. I attended a private Christian school from grades Kindergarten through eighth. My father believed a private education would be the best option for me. Our class sizes were very small. Each grade level had around forty students, but we were split equally into two individual classes. The majority of the eighth grade class consisted of the same students that we started Kindergarten with. 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The American Dream is what you could describe as an allusion.Read MoreMy Parents Always Encouraged Me909 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, I now see that yes indeed reading did expand my mind and in the unimaginable ways as well as helped me grow as an individual. Reading has impacted me both in positive and negative aspects. Whenever I was read to or I reading to myself I remember Dr. Seuss words â€Å"The more you read the more things you know. The more that you learn the more places you’ll go† and day by day seeing the truth of those words. I always tried to imply books as much as possible in all my education especially when I don’tRead MoreGrowing Up Is A Hard Thing For Me1554 Words   |  7 PagesGrowing up was a hard thing for me to do. Don’t get me wrong, what I mean by that is not that it was hard for me to grow or develop literally, but that it was very hard to grow up mentally. 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No one should ever have to go through what I went through as a young middle school child. It can cause a lot of damage to one’s self esteem, and it can cause health problems down the road. Now that I have children of my own, I want to make sure they know that they do not have to go through what I went through growing up and being bullied. I try to make sure that my children know there are ways to deal with a bully. And I try to help my children

Data Analysis Free Essays

To analyze the time series data, a statistical software (STATA) was used. In time series data analysis important required condition is stationarity of the data set. To test whether the time series is stationary or not, the two tests are used; the ADF (Augmented Dickey Fuller) test and Zivot and Andrews test for unit root. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both of these tests have same null hypothesis that the series is non-stationary (unit root process). For ADF unit root test we need lag length for the given time series variables. The lag length is selected by using information criteria (HQIC, AIC, SBIC) mentioned in section [2.2]. We performed the unit root tests with both trend and constant. It is important because the graphs of the time series variables gives an indication, whether we will include the trend term in the model or not. We can check the t value as well for inclusion of trend term in the model. The graph of immigration, unemployment and inflation shows that these series have time trend, but GDP growth rate series has no trend. The Table 4 summarizes the results of ADF test at levels. The given table consists of test statistics value and p-value. In case of variable GROWTH, the hypothesis was rejected and we can say that GDP growth rate is stationary at levels. The remaining variables IMMIG, UNEMP and INF are non-stationary at levels. All these three variables are non-stationary, when ADF test is performed with trend and intercept in the model. Table 4: Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test for Unit Root at levelsVariables With intercept With trend and intercept Test statistics Z(t) P-value Test statistics P-valueIMMIG -0.838 0.8077 -2.825 0.1881UNEMP -1.398 0.5833 -2.503 0.3265GROWTH -5.671 0.0000 -5.587 0.0000INF -1.313 0.6231 -3.163 0.1032Since the series (IMMIG, UNEMP and INF) are not-stationary at levels, we take first difference for these three series. After taking the first differenced for IMMIG, UNEMP and INF series, the ADF test are then performed, as shown in table 5. Now these three variables are stationary at the first difference and they are said to be integrated of first order. Table 5: Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test for Unit Root at first differenceVariables With intercept With trend and intercept Test statistics Z(t) P-value Test statistics P-valueIMMIG -6.516 0.0000 -6.520 0.0000UNEMP -4.582 0.0001 -4.523 0.0014INF -7.967 0.0000 -7.891 0.0000 The results obtained from Zivot and Andrews test of unit are shown table 6. GDP growth rate has same results like in previous tests which is stationary at level with constant and trend and without trend. Unemployment rate and immigration are non-stationary series with or without trend. The inflation rate is stationary without trend but non-stationary when including trend term in the model. Zivot and Andrews test was reformed after taking first difference of the three non-stationary time series. The unemployment, immigration and inflation rate have a strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis of unit root at first difference.Table 6. Zivot and Andrew unit root test for structural break (at levels)Variables With intercept With trend and intercept Test statistics Z(t) Break Year Test statistics Z(t) Break YearIMMIG -4.167 2006 -3.698 2002UNEMP -5.313 1992 -3.841 1997GROWTH -6.001*** 1994 -5.180*** 2005INF -5.025** 1992 -3.830 1977Note: significant at 10% level, **significant at 5% level, *** significant at 1% level Table 7. Zivot and Andrew unit root test for structural break (at first difference)Variables With intercept With trend and intercept Test statistics Z(t) Test statistics Z(t)D. IMMIG -7.032*** -6.413***D.UNEMP -5.600*** -4.632**D.INF -7.092*** -6.896*** Note: *significant at 10% level, **significant at 5% level, *** significant at 1% level The empirical results of vector autoregressive model are investigated in the form of Granger causality test and Impulse response function. In this thesis, the time series variables used on levels to perform VAR model, because GDP growth rate is stationary on level and the remaining three variables (IMMIG, UNEMP and INF) are stationary at first difference. As mentioned in section [2.1], various studies have indicated that vector auto regressive model can be estimated on levels of variables.The information criterion is used to select the lag length for a vector autoregressive model with four time series variables. The three information criterion (HQIC, AIC, SBIC) gives same lag length, which is two. But we preferred SBIC for selecting the lag length. After computing the results of vector autoregressive model, there is need to test for autocorrelation of residuals and stability of the model. The LM Test for Residual Autocorrelation is used to test for autocorrelation. The results of the test shows that there is no evidence of autocorrelation found between the residuals. The resulting VAR model gives all eigenvalues less than one and these eigenvalues lies inside the unit circle shown in appendix [A4], which confirms that estimated VAR model is stable.The Granger causality test is performed by using the results of VAR model. Table 8 shows the results of Granger-causality. The null and alternative hypotheses is used for immigration variable are H_0: Immigration does not Granger cause unemployment rateH_1: Immigration granger causes the unemployment rate H_0: Immigration does not granger cause GDP growth rate H_1: Immigration granger causes the GDP growth rate ? H?_0: Immigration does not Granger cause inflation rate H_1: Immigration granger causes the inflation rateIn first column of table 8 the null hypothesis is shown and degree of freedom is in 2nd column. The next two columns give test statistics value and p-value. We set the level of significance to be at 5%. The degree of freedom for all pairs is used 2, because the estimated VAR model has lag length 2. The results obtained from granger causality test for first null hypothesis have p-value 0.194, which is a clear evidence that we cannot reject null hypothesis. It showed that immigration does not granger cause unemployment rate. For hypothesis about effect of immigration on GDP growth rate, the p-value is 0.35, which means again that we cannot reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the immigration does not granger cause GDP growth rate. The same results found in case of immigration and inflation rate hypothesis, where the p-value is 0.186. It is found that immigrations do not granger cause inflation rate. In these three cases we cannot reject the null hypothesis. Table 8: Engle-Granger test for Causality:Null Hypothesis df Chi-sq Prob chi-sq decision IMMIG does not granger cause UNEMP 2 3.2787 0.194 Do not reject H0IMMIG does not granger cause GROWTH 2 2.1011 0.350 Do not reject H0IMMIG does not granger cause INF 2 3.3626 0.186 Do not reject H0The impulse response function obtained from vector autoregressive model results are presented in figures (6-9). The impulse response function in the figure (7) shows the response of unemployment rate after a shock in the immigration. At first two steps, the resulting effect is negative, but after two steps it has a positively increasing trend till the fourth step. At the fourth step it has a maximum value near 2 and after fourth step it goes down, which eventually disappeared at sixth step. The impulse response function in this case build an idea that immigrations have positive short run relationship with unemployment.The figure (8) displays the response of growth rate to a shock in immigrations. It shows the negative relation in first three years. After the third year, it tends towards positive side and after sixth year it fades away. In figure (9) the response of inflation rate to a shock in immigration show that in first three years it has positive value. But after third years, it is going towards negative side till sixth year and after sixth year it has no effect. It shows that in first years immigration and inflation have positive significance short run relationship and after this period it has negative relation till sixth year. Figure 6: Graph of Impulse Response Function Figure 7: Response of UNEMP to a shock in IMMIG Figure 8: Response of GROWTH to a shock in IMMG Figure 9: Response of INF to a shock in IMMG ? ConclusionsThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of immigration on macro-economic variables in Sweden. In this study unemployment rate, GDP growth rate and inflation rate are considered as the economic variables. The annual data for period 1970-2014 is used to examine the relationship between these variables in Sweden. We estimated VAR model for a short run relationship. The estimated VAR model satisfied the stability condition and by using Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test for autocorrelation, it was made sure that there is no autocorrelation between the residuals at any lag order 2. The granger causality analysis performed by using the results of VAR model. The granger causality results shows that the immigration does not effect the unemployment rate, growth rate and inflation rate in Sweden during the study period. It is concluded that immigration has no short run relationship with these three macro-economic variables. The results obtained from impulse response function shows that the immigration has short run positive relationship with the unemployment rate after first few years. On the other hand, the immigration have negative effect on growth rate in first three periods, but after these periods, the reverse effect has been observed. There is a positive relationship found in first two years between immigration and inflation rate. But after two years it has negative relationship between immigration and inflation rate. The impulse response function results shows that immigration affect these economic variables for five to six periods and after that it have no such effect. This indicates that in the beginning the immigrants does not participate in the economic growth. One probable cause of this could be the exposure to a new language in Sweden, which produces language barriers. Which also verifies that the GDP growth rate becomes static relative to the immigrations after few years, since language barrier is a temporary effect. However, considering more economic variables which could be affected by the immigration may lead to more findings in Sweden’s economic growth. Moreover, increasing the sample size of the study variables could yield more improved results. How to cite Data Analysis, Papers

Ancient Astronomy Essay Example For Students

Ancient Astronomy Essay Science Assignment1) A supernova is an explosion, triggered by the collapse andexplosion of a massive star. There are two types of supernova explosion inthe universe, called Type I and Type II. The remains of the core of a starthat has gone supernova is a neutron star. These stars give off radio wavescalled pulsars. When a huge star goes supernova, the gravity of the corebecomes so strong that even light cannot escape it. This is called a Blackhole. On occasion, throughout the centuries, astronomers have been puzzled by theappearance of, as they phrased it, new stars in the sky. For instance, inJuly 1054 AD, Chinese astronomers noted the appearance of a guest star(as they called it) in the constellation Taurus. The guest star was visiblein broad daylight for three weeks, and was visible at night for two yearsbefore it faded into invisibility. Astronomers also study supernovae because they are rare, luminous, andfairly brief events. There are only about one per century in our galaxy. 2) Normal forces give us the sensation of having weight. If we removethe supporting force, we have the sensation of apparent weightlessness.For example, a skydiver feels weightless before opening the parachute andin and the unlikely event of an elevator breaking loose, you would alsoexperience weightlessness. Certain amusement park rides are designed toremove the supporting force and induce a feeling of weightlessness. Galileo correctly concluded that in free fall, all objects must fall at thesame rate. While in orbit our astronauts are constantly falling. Sinceeverything around them is also falling and everything falls at the samerate, they have a continuing experience of weightlessness. Some of the very real effects to the human body of this apparentweightlessness include:1. Loss of bone mass (similar to osteoporosis)2. Reduced total blood volume, particularly loss of red blood cells3. Giddy, light-headed feeling4. Space sickness with nausea and vomiting5. Decrease of heart size6. Nasal congestion7. Muscle weakness3) To determine the movement of a star through the universe,scientists use a method called red shift. There are 3 different types ofred shift and two are used to find the movement of stars. The Doppler Redshift results from the relative motion of the light emitting object and theobserver. If the source of light is moving away from you then thewavelength of the light is stretched out, i.e., the light is shiftedtowards the red. These effects, individually called the blue shift, and thered shift are together known as Doppler shifts. The other red shift used to find the motion of stars is the CosmologicalRed shift. This is a red shift caused by the expansion of space. Thewavelength of light increases as it traverses the expanding universebetween its point of emission and its point of detection by the same amountthat space has expanded during the crossing time. 4) Sunspots are regions on the solar surface that appear dark becausethey are cooler than the surrounding photosphere. They are believed to becaused by intense magnetic fields interfering with the bubbles of hot gas. They are only dark in a relative sense; a sunspot removed from the brightbackground of the Sun would glow quite brightly. The largest sunspotsobserved have had diameters of about 50,000 km, which makes them largeenough to be seen with the naked eye. Sunspots often come in groups with asmany as 100 in a group, though sunspot groups with more than about 10 arerelatively rare. Sunspots develop and persist for periods ranging fromhours to months, and are carried around the surface of the Sun by itsrotation. .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .postImageUrl , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:hover , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:visited , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:active { border:0!important; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:active , .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679 .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7316f34614fce5eecbf957d7e172a679:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Old Man And The Sea Essay SummarySolar flares emit radiation that includes x-rays and ultraviolet rays,charged particles called protons and electrons, and powerful particles withno electric charge, called neutrons. This radiation surge may damageelectrical power systems, interfere with telecommunications, wreck high-tech ship navigation systems, harm an astronaut in space, or create thespectacular Northern and Southern lights, aurora. 5) The Big Bang Theory is the dominant scientific theory about theorigin of the universe. It states that the universe was created between 10and 20 billion years ago from the random, cosmic explosion of a subatomicball that hurled matter and energy in all directions. Then over a period ofapproximately 10 billion years, this newly created matter and energycoagulated into stars, galaxies and planets, including our earth. This theory was first introduced by in Albert Einstein in 1905. Anotherscientist, Edwin Hubble, observed that distant galaxies in every directionare going away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. The bigbang concept was initially suggested because it explains why distantgalaxies are travelling away from us at great speeds. The theory alsopredicts the existence of cosmic background radiationThe Big Bang Theory has many significant problems. Besides conflicting withthe 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics, the Big Bang Theory contradicts theLaw of Conservation of Angular Momentum. Everything in the universe isspinning planets, stars, galaxies, etc. It would take an enormous amountof energy to start a planet spinning. Many other contradictions have alsobeen noted making this theory very unstable. 6) Most telescopes are on the ground. The advantage of this is that onthe ground, you can deploy a heavier telescope and upgrade it more easily. The trouble is that Earth-bound telescopes must look through the Earthsatmosphere. This is a problem because, firstly the Earths atmosphereblocks out a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing a narrowband of visible light to reach the surface. Second, the Earths atmosphereblurs the light it lets through. By orbiting above the Earths atmosphere,satellites in space, such as the Hubble, can get clearer images. In fact,even though Hubble has a mirror 15 times smaller than large Earth-boundtelescopes, it can still resolve detail almost 100 times finer. -SC1